面向C/C++的json解析和合成的第三方库cJson
我们在项目中经常要用到json格式数据进行通讯,特别是还要做ARM开发板上实现,处理JSON,自己手撕数据处理是件麻烦的事情,不过现在我们有第三方库了!那就是cJson!
环境准备
cJson官方库:
https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSONhttps://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON或者:
git clone https://github.com/DaveGamble/cJSON
只需要保留cJSON.c和cJSON.h两个核心文件。
通俗讲解
首先呢,cJSON提供了一种变量类型叫cJSON,我们通过看cJSON.h文件可知其是个结构体:
/* The cJSON structure: */
typedef struct cJSON
{
/* next/prev allow you to walk array/object chains. Alternatively, use GetArraySize/GetArrayItem/GetObjectItem */
struct cJSON *next;
struct cJSON *prev;
/* An array or object item will have a child pointer pointing to a chain of the items in the array/object. */
struct cJSON *child;
/* The type of the item, as above. */
int type;
/* The item's string, if type==cJSON_String and type == cJSON_Raw */
char *valuestring;
/* writing to valueint is DEPRECATED, use cJSON_SetNumberValue instead */
int valueint;
/* The item's number, if type==cJSON_Number */
double valuedouble;
/* The item's name string, if this item is the child of, or is in the list of subitems of an object. */
char *string;
} cJSON;
从这个结构体可以看出,这个json结构体内容支持JSON对象,整数,字符串,双精度浮点数。
要从一个json数据的节点中获取节点下数据,可以通过如下函数:
/* Returns the number of items in an array (or object). */
CJSON_PUBLIC(int) cJSON_GetArraySize(const cJSON *array);
/* Retrieve item number "index" from array "array". Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetArrayItem(const cJSON *array, int index);
/* Get item "string" from object. Case insensitive. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItemCaseSensitive(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_HasObjectItem(const cJSON *object, const char *string);
/* For analysing failed parses. This returns a pointer to the parse error. You'll probably need to look a few chars back to make sense of it. Defined when cJSON_Parse() returns 0. 0 when cJSON_Parse() succeeds. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(const char *) cJSON_GetErrorPtr(void);
/* Check item type and return its value */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_GetStringValue(const cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_GetNumberValue(const cJSON * const item);
其中,比较常用的有
/* 获取节点下的json数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_GetObjectItem(const cJSON * const object, const char * const string);
/* 获取节点下的字符数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(char *) cJSON_GetStringValue(const cJSON * const item);
/* 获取节点下的数字数据 */
CJSON_PUBLIC(double) cJSON_GetNumberValue(const cJSON * const item);
cJson提供了不少创建或者添加对象的方法:
/* These calls create a cJSON item of the appropriate type. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNull(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateTrue(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFalse(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateBool(cJSON_bool boolean);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateNumber(double num);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateString(const char *string);
/* raw json */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateRaw(const char *raw);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArray(void);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObject(void);
/* Create a string where valuestring references a string so
* it will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringReference(const char *string);
/* Create an object/array that only references it's elements so
* they will not be freed by cJSON_Delete */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateObjectReference(const cJSON *child);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateArrayReference(const cJSON *child);
/* These utilities create an Array of count items.
* The parameter count cannot be greater than the number of elements in the number array, otherwise array access will be out of bounds.*/
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateIntArray(const int *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateFloatArray(const float *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateDoubleArray(const double *numbers, int count);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_CreateStringArray(const char *const *strings, int count);
/* Append item to the specified array/object. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Use this when string is definitely const (i.e. a literal, or as good as), and will definitely survive the cJSON object.
* WARNING: When this function was used, make sure to always check that (item->type & cJSON_StringIsConst) is zero before
* writing to `item->string` */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemToObjectCS(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
/* Append reference to item to the specified array/object. Use this when you want to add an existing cJSON to a new cJSON, but don't want to corrupt your existing cJSON. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToArray(cJSON *array, cJSON *item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON_bool) cJSON_AddItemReferenceToObject(cJSON *object, const char *string, cJSON *item);
不止有添加或者说创建,还有删除。
/* Remove/Detach items from Arrays/Objects. */
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemViaPointer(cJSON *parent, cJSON * const item);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromArray(cJSON *array, int which);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_DetachItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObject(cJSON *object, const char *string);
CJSON_PUBLIC(void) cJSON_DeleteItemFromObjectCaseSensitive(cJSON *object, const char *string);
不过删除功能一般不常用,甚至还有替换对象,这个功能同学们就自行看库源代码进行使用吧,此处不做过多讲解。
库的基本使用流程
使用这个库很简单,只需要将那两个核心文件添加到项目路径。
#include"cJSON.h"
即可开始使用这个库里的任何函数啦。
基本实例--从json数据格式的字符串里获取数据
来个经典案例,要解析的json数据如下:
{
"semantic": {
"slots": {
"name": "张三"
}
},
"rc": 0,
"operation": "CALL",
"service": "telephone",
"text": "打电话给张三"
}
解析代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
void printJson(cJSON * root)//以递归的方式打印json的最内层键值对
{
for(int i=0; i<cJSON_GetArraySize(root); i++) //遍历最外层json键值对
{
cJSON * item = cJSON_GetArrayItem(root, i);
if(cJSON_Object == item->type) //如果对应键的值仍为cJSON_Object就递归调用printJson
printJson(item);
else //值不为json对象就直接打印出键和值
{
printf("%s->", item->string);
printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
}
}
}
int main()
{
char * jsonStr = "{\"semantic\":{\"slots\":{\"name\":\"张三\"}}, \"rc\":0, \"operation\":\"CALL\", \"service\":\"telephone\", \"text\":\"打电话给张三\"}";
cJSON * root = NULL;
cJSON * item = NULL;//cjson对象
root = cJSON_Parse(jsonStr);
if (!root)
{
printf("Error before: [%s]\n",cJSON_GetErrorPtr());
}
else
{
printf("%s\n", "有格式的方式打印Json:");
printf("%s\n\n", cJSON_Print(root));
printf("%s\n", "无格式方式打印json:");
printf("%s\n\n", cJSON_PrintUnformatted(root));
printf("%s\n", "一步一步的获取name 键值对:");
printf("%s\n", "获取semantic下的cjson对象:");
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(root, "semantic");//
printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
printf("%s\n", "获取slots下的cjson对象");
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "slots");
printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
printf("%s\n", "获取name下的cjson对象");
item = cJSON_GetObjectItem(item, "name");
printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(item));
printf("%s:", item->string); //看一下cjson对象的结构体中这两个成员的意思
printf("%s\n", item->valuestring);
printf("\n%s\n", "打印json所有最内层键值对:");
printJson(root);
}
return 0;
}
基本实例--生成json格式的字符串数据
来个经典案例,要生成的json数据如下:
{
"semantic": {
"slots": {
"name": "张三"
}
},
"rc": 0,
"operation": "CALL",
"service": "telephone",
"text": "打电话给张三"
}
生成代码如下:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cJSON.h"
int main()
{
cJSON * root = cJSON_CreateObject();
cJSON * item = cJSON_CreateObject();
cJSON * next = cJSON_CreateObject();
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "rc", cJSON_CreateNumber(0));//根节点下添加
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "operation", cJSON_CreateString("CALL"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "service", cJSON_CreateString("telephone"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "text", cJSON_CreateString("打电话给张三"));
cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "semantic", item);//root节点下添加semantic节点
cJSON_AddItemToObject(item, "slots", next);//semantic节点下添加item节点
cJSON_AddItemToObject(next, "name", cJSON_CreateString("张三"));//添加name节点
printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(root));
return 0;
}
要使用json对象,就得创建json对象!再在其中添加键值对。
简评
cJson简直是简单上手的第三方库。官网下载的文件中也包含了充足的示例程序,非常好!
笔者曾经亲测过,在stm32F103和stm32F411上都可以跑这个库,实现串口收发json数据包。