CentOS7安装及配置nginx
安装nginx
添加 nginx 官方提供的 yum 源(需要联网且时间较长)
rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.14.2-1.el7_4.ngx.x86_64.rpm
使用 yum 安装 nginx
yum install nginx
查看版本
rpm -qa | grep nginx
#我这里是nginx-1.20.1-10.el7.x86_64
yum方式安装nginx,它的安装根目录为/etc/nginx
静态资源由Nginx托管,外网必须通过正确的Url才能访问到服务器上的静态资源,而url路径跟文件的存放路径有关,可以通过修改nginx的配置文件实现自定义文件路径配置。
配置nginx
nginx的配置文件路径(以本文安装方式):
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
默认的root节点配置:
/usr/share/nginx/html
编辑配置文件
有两个关键点
1、修改配置文件中的端口(自己开放的端口是哪个就用哪个,比如8088)
2、配置文件资源访问节点,root和alias
root:root指定的目录是上级目录,path匹配的整个路径会追加,即root+path;
alias:alias指定的目录必须带/,path匹配后面的内容会在alias指定的目录下查找,即alias+匹配到path路径后面的部分。
例:访问/usr/test/index.html的两种写法
location / { root /usr/test; index index.html; }
location /test { alias /usr/test/; index index.html; }
vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 4096;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 8088;
listen [::]:8088;
server_name _;
# old dir root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#root /usr/test/web/dist;
#index index.html;
location / {
root /usr/test/web/dist;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location /test {
alias /usr/test/webpk/dist/;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
location /h5 {
alias /usr/test/h5/dist/;
index index.html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
重启 Nginx 让新的配置生效
nginx -s reload
问题及解决方法
一、如果启动Nginx服务失败报错:Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code.则通过systemctl status nginx.service查看报错信息,如果是端口占用修改配置文件为空闲端口;
二、如果报 [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:XXXX failed (13: Permission denied),查看http允许访问的端口:semanage port -l | grep http_port_t并将要启动的端口加入到如上端口列表中:semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 8088;
三、在设置多地址访问页面时出现404报错,可以在location中添加:try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;