ANR原理分析

ANR原理分析

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造成ANR原因:

InputDispatching Timeout:5秒内无法响应屏幕触摸事件或键盘输入事件

BroadcastQueue Timeout :在执行前台广播(BroadcastReceiver)的onReceive()函数时10秒没有处理完成,后台为60秒。

Service Timeout :前台服务20秒内,后台服务在200秒内没有执行完毕。

ContentProvider Timeout :ContentProvider的publish在10s内没进行完。

避免

尽量不在主线程(UI线程)中做耗时操作

分析方法

log

img

log中记录了ANR发生的时间以及具体提示。WaitingInMainSignalCatcherLoop代表了主线程等待异常。The application may be doing too much work on its main thread.同样表示处理时间过多。

traces

刚才的log有第二句Wrote stack traces to '/data/anr/traces.txt',说明ANR异常已经输出到traces.txt文件,使用adb命令把这个文件从手机里导出来。

通过adb pull /data/anr/traces.txt将traces文件导出

----- pid 23346 at 2017-11-07 11:33:57 -----  ----> 进程id和ANR产生时间
Cmd line: com.sky.myjavatest
Build fingerprint: 'google/marlin/marlin:8.0.0/OPR3.170623.007/4286350:user/release-keys'
ABI: 'arm64'
Build type: optimized
Zygote loaded classes=4681 post zygote classes=106
Intern table: 42675 strong; 137 weak
JNI: CheckJNI is on; globals=526 (plus 22 weak)
Libraries: /system/lib64/libandroid.so /system/lib64/libcompiler_rt.so 
/system/lib64/libjavacrypto.so
/system/lib64/libjnigraphics.so /system/lib64/libmedia_jni.so /system/lib64/libsoundpool.so
/system/lib64/libwebviewchromium_loader.so libjavacore.so libopenjdk.so (9)
Heap: 22% free, 1478KB/1896KB; 21881 objects    ----> 内存使用情况

...

"main" prio=5 tid=1 Sleeping    ----> 原因为Sleeping
  | group="main" sCount=1 dsCount=0 flags=1 obj=0x733d0670 self=0x74a4abea00
  | sysTid=23346 nice=-10 cgrp=default sched=0/0 handle=0x74a91ab9b0
  | state=S schedstat=( 391462128 82838177 354 ) utm=33 stm=4 core=3 HZ=100
  | stack=0x7fe6fac000-0x7fe6fae000 stackSize=8MB
  | held mutexes=
  at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Native method)
  - sleeping on <0x053fd2c2> (a java.lang.Object)
  at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:373)
  - locked <0x053fd2c2> (a java.lang.Object)
  at java.lang.Thread.sleep(Thread.java:314)
  at android.os.SystemClock.sleep(SystemClock.java:122)
  at com.sky.myjavatest.ANRTestActivity.onCreate(ANRTestActivity.java:20) ----> 产生ANR的包名以及具体行数
  at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:6975)
  at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1213)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2770)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2892)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.-wrap11(ActivityThread.java:-1)
  at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1593)
  at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:105)
  at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:164)
  at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6541)
  at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native method)
  at com.android.internal.os.Zygote$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(Zygote.java:240)
  at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:767)

定位进程ID和包名:pid 23346com.sky.myjavatest

造成ANR原因:Sleeping

具体行数:at com.sky.myjavatest.ANRTestActivity.onCreate(ANRTestActivity.java:20)

如果产生新的ANR,原来的 traces.txt 文件会被覆盖。

Java线程调用分析

通过JDK提供的命令可以帮助分析和调试Java应用,命令为:jstack {pid}

其中pid可以通过jps命令获得,jps命令会列出当前系统中运行的所有Java虚拟机进程

103440 Jps
51400

DDMS分析ANR问题

造成ANR的原因

  • 主线程阻塞或主线程数据读取

解决办法:避免死锁的出现,使用子线程来处理耗时操作或阻塞任务。尽量避免在主线程query provider、不要滥用SharePreferenceS

  • CPU满负荷,I/O阻塞

解决办法:文件读写或数据库操作放在子线程异步操作。

  • 内存不足

解决办法:AndroidManifest.xml文件中可以设置 android:largeHeap="true",以此增大App使用内存。不过不建议使用此法,从根本上防止内存泄漏,优化内存使用才是正道。

  • 各大组件ANR

各大组件生命周期中也应避免耗时操作,注意BroadcastReciever的onRecieve()、后台Service和ContentProvider也不要执行太长时间的任务。

ANR源码分析

Service造成的Service Timeout
Service Timeout是位于"ActivityManager"线程中的AMS.MainHandler收到SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。
  1. 发送延时消息

Service进程attach到system_server进程的过程中会调用realStartServiceLocked,紧接着mAm.mHandler.sendMessageAtTime()来发送一个延时消息,延时的时常是定义好的,如前台Service的20秒。ActivityManager线程中的AMS.MainHandler收到SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时会触发。

AS.realStartServiceLocked

private final void realStartServiceLocked(ServiceRecord r,
        ProcessRecord app, boolean execInFg) throws RemoteException {
    ...
    //发送delay消息(SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG)
    bumpServiceExecutingLocked(r, execInFg, "create");
    try {
        ...
        //最终执行服务的onCreate()方法
        app.thread.scheduleCreateService(r, r.serviceInfo,
                mAm.compatibilityInfoForPackageLocked(r.serviceInfo.applicationInfo),
                app.repProcState);
    } catch (DeadObjectException e) {
        mAm.appDiedLocked(app);
        throw e;
    } finally {
        ...
    }
}

private final void bumpServiceExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean fg, String why) {
    ... 
    scheduleServiceTimeoutLocked(r.app);
}

void scheduleServiceTimeoutLocked(ProcessRecord proc) {
    if (proc.executingServices.size() == 0 || proc.thread == null) {
        return;
    }
    long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
    Message msg = mAm.mHandler.obtainMessage(
            ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG);
    msg.obj = proc;

    //当超时后仍没有remove该SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG消息,则执行service Timeout流程
    mAm.mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg,
        proc.execServicesFg ? (now+SERVICE_TIMEOUT) : (now+ SERVICE_BACKGROUND_TIMEOUT));
}

  1. 进入目标进程的主线程创建Service

经过Binder等层层调用进入目标进程的主线程 *handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data)*

   private void handleCreateService(CreateServiceData data) {
        ...
        java.lang.ClassLoader cl = packageInfo.getClassLoader();
        Service service = (Service) cl.loadClass(data.info.name).newInstance();
        ...

        try {
            //创建ContextImpl对象
            ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, packageInfo);
            context.setOuterContext(service);
            //创建Application对象
            Application app = packageInfo.makeApplication(false, mInstrumentation);
            service.attach(context, this, data.info.name, data.token, app,
                    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault());
            //调用服务onCreate()方法 
            service.onCreate();

            //取消AMS.MainHandler的延时消息
            ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().serviceDoneExecuting(
                    data.token, SERVICE_DONE_EXECUTING_ANON, 0, 0);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            ...
        }
    }

这个方法中会创建目标服务对象,以及回调常用的ServiceonCreate()方法,紧接着通过serviceDoneExecuting()回到system_server执行取消AMS.MainHandler的延时消息。

  1. 回到system_server执行取消AMS.MainHandler的延时消息
private void serviceDoneExecutingLocked(ServiceRecord r, boolean inDestroying,
            boolean finishing) {
    ...
    if (r.executeNesting <= 0) {
        if (r.app != null) {
            r.app.execServicesFg = false;
            r.app.executingServices.remove(r);
            if (r.app.executingServices.size() == 0) {
                //当前服务所在进程中没有正在执行的service
                mAm.mHandler.removeMessages(ActivityManagerService.SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r.app);
        ...
    }
    ...
}

此方法中Service逻辑处理完成则移除之前延时的消息SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG。如果没有执行完毕不调用这个方法,则超时后会发出SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MSG来告知ANR发生。

BroadcastReceiver造成的BroadcastQueue Timeout

BroadcastReceiver Timeout是位于**“ActivityManager”**线程中的BroadcastQueue.BroadcastHandler收到BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。

  1. 处理广播函数 processNextBroadcast() 中 broadcastTimeoutLocked(false) 发送延时消息
//广播处理顺序为先处理并行广播,再处理当前有序广播。
final void processNextBroadcast(boolean fromMsg) {
    synchronized(mService) {
        ...
        // 处理当前有序广播
        do {
            r = mOrderedBroadcasts.get(0);
            //获取所有该广播所有的接收者
            int numReceivers = (r.receivers != null) ? r.receivers.size() : 0;
            if (mService.mProcessesReady && r.dispatchTime > 0) {
                long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                if ((numReceivers > 0) &&
                        (now > r.dispatchTime + (2*mTimeoutPeriod*numReceivers))) {
                    //step 1\. 发送延时消息,这个函数处理了很多事情,比如广播处理超时结束广播
                    broadcastTimeoutLocked(false);
                    ...
                }
            }
            if (r.receivers == null || r.nextReceiver >= numReceivers
                    || r.resultAbort || forceReceive) {
                if (r.resultTo != null) {
                    //2\. 处理广播消息消息
                    performReceiveLocked(r.callerApp, r.resultTo,
                        new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
                        r.resultData, r.resultExtras, false, false, r.userId);
                    r.resultTo = null;
                }
                //3\. 取消广播超时ANR消息
                cancelBroadcastTimeoutLocked();
            }
        } while (r == null);
        ...

        // 获取下条有序广播
        r.receiverTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        if (!mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage) {
            long timeoutTime = r.receiverTime + mTimeoutPeriod;
            //设置广播超时
            setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(timeoutTime);
        }
        ...
    }
}

上文的step 1. broadcastTimeoutLocked(false)函数:记录时间信息并调用函数设置发送延时消息

final void broadcastTimeoutLocked(boolean fromMsg) {
    ...
        long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        if (fromMsg) {
            if (mService.mDidDexOpt) {
                // Delay timeouts until dexopt finishes.
                mService.mDidDexOpt = false;
                long timeoutTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + mTimeoutPeriod;
                setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(timeoutTime);
                return;
            }
            if (!mService.mProcessesReady) {
                return;
            }

            long timeoutTime = r.receiverTime + mTimeoutPeriod;
            if (timeoutTime > now) {
                // step 2
                setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(timeoutTime);
                return;
            }
        }

上文的step 2.setBroadcastTimeoutLocked函数: 设置广播超时具体操作,同样是发送延时消息

final void setBroadcastTimeoutLocked(long timeoutTime) {
    if (! mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage) {
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG, this);
        mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, timeoutTime);
        mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage = true;
    }
}

ContentProvider的ContentProvider Timeout

ContentProvider Timeout是位于”ActivityManager”线程中的AMS.MainHandler收到CONTENT_PROVIDER_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。

mHandler.obtainMessage(BROADCAST_TIMEOUT_MSG, this);
mHandler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, timeoutTime);
mPendingBroadcastTimeoutMessage = true;
}
}




####  ContentProvider的ContentProvider Timeout

> ContentProvider Timeout是位于”ActivityManager”线程中的AMS.MainHandler收到CONTENT_PROVIDER_PUBLISH_TIMEOUT_MSG消息时触发。